Java was started but returned exit code 13 in opening eclipse on windows 8

There could be many reasons for this error.
But you don't need to know all those, just change the ini file of eclipse as per the java version installed on your system.
Go to eclipse then eclipse.ini file. open it and add two more line into it.
-vm
C:\Program Files\Java\jre7\bin\javaw.exe

add it after openFile and before -vmargs.

Here is the sample code of eclipse.ini file.

-startup
plugins/org.eclipse.equinox.launcher_1.3.0.v20140415-2008.jar
--launcher.library
plugins/org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.win32.win32.x86_64_1.1.200.v20140603-1326
-product
org.eclipse.epp.package.jee.product
--launcher.defaultAction
openFile
--launcher.XXMaxPermSize
256M
-showsplash
org.eclipse.platform
--launcher.XXMaxPermSize
256m
--launcher.defaultAction
openFile
--launcher.appendVmargs
-vm
C:\Program Files\Java\jre7\bin\javaw.exe
-vmargs
-Dosgi.requiredJavaVersion=1.7
-Xms40m
-Xmx512m